![]() ![]() While the effects of not incorporating spatial dependency in terms of inefficiency or the stochastic production frontier on SFA results have been shown ( Carvalho, 2018 Pede et al., 2018 Tsukamoto, 2019) and a way to incorporate spatial correlation in both the noise and inefficiency terms has been developed by Orea and Álvarez (2019), there are no clear model specification strategies on where and how the spatial dependency should be modeled. New developments in the field of spatial econometrics have made it possible to examine the spatial effects in the stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) ( Areal et al., 2012a Glass et al., 2013, 2014 Tsionas and Michaelides, 2015). In this manner, farm-level spatial dependency may arise though socio-economic, agro-climatic, or institutional similarities and could influence farmers' technical efficiency. Notably, they may have formed similar social preferences through collective irrigation management ( Ostrom, 2000 Tsusaka et al., 2015). Lastly, farmers who belong to the same water users' group in irrigated areas may face similar institutional shocks and regulations. For farmers in irrigated areas who share water within a water users' group, this kind of dependency may emerge more strongly among them as compared to the rainfed farmers who farm more independently. In this regard, farmers who belong to the same agro-ecological system and share a common resource pool depend on the regulations set within the resource pool for their farming management. ![]() ( Case, 1992 Foster and Rosenzweig, 1996 Bandiera and Rasul, 2006 Langyintuo and Mekuria, 2008 Conley and Udry, 2010 Maertens and Barrett, 2012 Banerjee et al., 2013 Ward and Pede, 2014 Nakano et al., 2018). However, there is overwhelming evidence that farmers still rely on their social networks for information on input allocation, management practices, etc. Farmers may emulate each other because they may receive the support of agricultural extension agents in farming communities. ![]() There are several reasons why farm and household level networks may influence technical efficiency. However, incorporating information on social interaction is more challenging. For instance, Gadanakis and Areal (2020) show how incorporating rainfall and the length of the growing season in the technical efficiency analysis of cereal production matters. In some cases, spatial information can be incorporated into the analysis combining the use of different data sources including climatic and topographic maps and location of farms. In agriculture, unobserved spatial heterogeneity can arise from farmers emulating each other, level of infrastructure, or climatic and topographic conditions ( Areal et al., 2012a). Neglecting unobserved spatial heterogeneity in technical efficiency analysis may lead to coefficients that are inefficient or biased ( Anselin, 2001). However, most of the technical efficiency literature has ignored unobserved spatial heterogeneity. There is growing literature devoted to the analysis of farmers' technical efficiency in developing countries using a stochastic frontier analysis approach ( Idiong, 2007 Balde et al., 2014 Quilty et al., 2014 Michler and Shively, 2015, etc.). The Asian rice production sector is a particular example where decision for input allocation is critical in the midst of growing resource scarcity and the need for improving productivity to ensure food security. We recommend the use of unobserved effects in both production and efficiency within the stochastic frontier analysis framework to avoid making any misleading recommendations to farmers and policymakers.Īgriculture in developing countries is challenged by a growing scarcity of resources, which imposes the need for efficient resource allocation to increase productivity. More importantly from a policy perspective, the rankings of the farms in terms of efficiency are altered once unobserved spatial heterogeneity is incorporated in efficiency models. When not accounting for unobserved spatial heterogeneity efficiency, models show farms to be relatively more inefficient than they actually are (i.e., once unobserved spatial heterogeneity is incorporated in the models). We show how not accounting for unobserved spatial heterogeneity affects efficiency estimates and farm efficiency rankings. We compare farm level efficiency rankings derived from non-spatial and a variety of spatial model specifications that account for unobserved heterogeneity in both the production and the efficiency sides of the stochastic frontier model in an empirical application on rice farming in the Philippines. 2International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines.1Center for Rural Economy, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom. ![]()
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![]() Like the other Swords of Justice, Virizion battled against humans in order to protect Pokémon. Its lower legs resemble knee-high boots with pink highlights at the knees, and it has black hooves. On its back, there are pointed tufts of fur forming a medium-long tail. There is a pinked-tipped leaf on each side of its neck, and leafy tufts on its shoulders. Its face, hind legs, and underside are white. It has a pointed snout with a black blaze running from its nose to the back of its head. On the sides of its head are long horns that end in dull, curled points. Virizion is a stag or antelope-like, quadrupedal Pokémon that is primarily green. 6.7.5 By transfer from another generation.It appears to be distantly related to the Paradox Pokémon Iron Leaves. It is not known to evolve into or from any Pokémon.Īlong with Cobalion, Terrakion, and Keldeo, Virizion is a member of the Swords of Justice. Virizion ( Japanese: ビリジオン Virizion) is a dual-type Grass/ Fighting Legendary Pokémon introduced in Generation V. Pokémon Brilliant Diamond and Shining Pearl.Continued abuse of our services will cause your IP address to be blocked indefinitely. Please fill out the CAPTCHA below and then click the button to indicate that you agree to these terms. If you wish to be unblocked, you must agree that you will take immediate steps to rectify this issue. If you do not understand what is causing this behavior, please contact us here. If you promise to stop (by clicking the Agree button below), we'll unblock your connection for now, but we will immediately re-block it if we detect additional bad behavior. Overusing our search engine with a very large number of searches in a very short amount of time.Using a badly configured (or badly written) browser add-on for blocking content.Running a "scraper" or "downloader" program that either does not identify itself or uses fake headers to elude detection.Using a script or add-on that scans GameFAQs for box and screen images (such as an emulator front-end), while overloading our search engine. ![]() There is no official GameFAQs app, and we do not support nor have any contact with the makers of these unofficial apps. Continued use of these apps may cause your IP to be blocked indefinitely. This triggers our anti-spambot measures, which are designed to stop automated systems from flooding the site with traffic. Some unofficial phone apps appear to be using GameFAQs as a back-end, but they do not behave like a real web browser does.Using GameFAQs regularly with these browsers can cause temporary and even permanent IP blocks due to these additional requests. If you are using the Brave browser, or have installed the Ghostery add-on, these programs send extra traffic to our servers for every page on the site that you browse, then send that data back to a third party, essentially spying on your browsing habits.We strongly recommend you stop using this browser until this problem is corrected. The latest version of the Opera browser sends multiple invalid requests to our servers for every page you visit.The most common causes of this issue are: Your IP address has been temporarily blocked due to a large number of HTTP requests. ![]() ![]() The movie theatre currently has four digital screens and can accommodate up to 800 vehicles. The Star-Lite Drive-in was formerly Continental Drive-In but new owners changed the name in May of 2020. It is home to twin-screens that play double features every weekend. The Sand Mountain Twin Drive-In is owned and operated by Franks Entertainment. King Drive-in opened in 1949 and is currently the oldest operating drive-in theatre in Alabama. It is currently a single screen drive-in with capacity for up to 200 cars. The Henagar Drive-In Theatre opened in 1999 and is located at the top of Sand Mountain. ![]() The theatre has marketed themselves as a hang out spot and have added a mini golf course and yard games to the property. This is a 4-screen theatre with a bar, grill, and a dog park. The Grand River Drive-In was originally called The Coyote Drive-in, but they rebranded and reopened in September of 2018. The family-owned theatre is completely powered from solar energy. The Cinemagic Drive-in Theatre in Athens Alabama is a single screen drive in that also has an indoor theater on the property. There are two screens at the Blue Moon and the property also holds concerts, as well as a trivia night where participants use their phones to compete for prizes. The Blue Moon Drive-In Theater opened in 1956. They screen double features weekend year-round and every night from Memorial Day to Labor Day. Alabama Drive-ins 411 Twin Drive InĪs the name suggests, the 411 Twin Drive in is a two-screen theater located in Centre Alabama. If you are looking for a drive-in theater near you, please check out our list of all the drive-in theaters in the US. Many drive-ins show double features and charge per carload instead of per seat, meaning you can bring a car full of people and be charged one flat fee to see two, and sometimes three, movies.ĭuring the summer, families looking to spend more time outside might find that an outdoor theater may be the perfect family evening outing. Catching a movie at a drive-in is often a cheaper alternative to traditional indoor theaters. Drive-ins are becoming outdoor entertainment destinations instead of just typical outdoor theaters. Many drive-in theaters have added bars, grills, mini-golf, dog parks, and outdoor lawn games to increase their appeal to younger crowds. However, since the pandemic encouraged American citizens to stay socially distanced, outdoor theaters have been making a comeback. ![]() Now there are only around 350 drive-in theaters currently in operation in the US. That number has declined sharply as the cost of land and digital projection has risen. At the peak of their popularity in the mid 1950’s there were around 4,000 active drive-in theaters in the United States. ![]() ![]() ![]() This airport was built in the late 1990s to replace an older one located 7 km (4 miles) from Mekelle. ![]() The airport is located 10 km (6 miles) southeast of the city. As the Philosopher George Santayana put it, “those who don’t remember the past are condemned to repeat it.Sources: List of the busiest airports in Africa Īlula Aba Nega Airport ( IATA: MQX, ICAO: HAMK), also known as Mekelle Airport, is an airport serving Mekelle, the capital city of the Tigray Region in northern Ethiopia. As for Abiy Ahmed and the sycophants around him, only if they had a sense of history. The surprise attack in Dogali is translated in TDF’s military tactics as ቆረጻ and one has to be TDF to master it where it feels copyrighted. ![]() As the Eritrean regime pushes to invade Tigray, Abiy Ahmed conspires with the Eritrean regime to do just that as Menilik later on conspired with the Italians against Emperor Yohannes and by extension Ras Alula Aba-Nega as well. There could be some elements of truth in it where one can see the striking similarity between Ras Alula’s intent and determination to safeguard what was his and TDF’s commitment and resolve to defend Tigray. The Philologist cum-Philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, in one of his aphorisms said, life is cyclical including history. Probably nothing, after all, it is just a car. My childhood friend’s father owned that car and in retrospect, not sure how I would have felt if my own father owned one-that particular model. It was in later years, FIAT the automaker decided to name one of its models, “FIAT 500” in memory and honor of the 500 Italian soldiers who had died at the battle of Dogali. News of the battle of Dogali was taken so hard in Italy and the call for revenge was heard in the streets as well as in the government chambers. As Bahru Zewdie put it, the relief force was completely decimated. The following day, at Dogali, between Saati and Massawa, Ras Alula’s force intercepted 500 Italians sent to relieve the Saati garrison. On 25 January 1887, Ras Alula attacked the Italian fort at Saati. It was in such circumstances that Ras Alula opted to obtain by force of arms that he had failed to achieve by correspondence.” Moreover, Bahru Zewdie a notable historian also adds when he writes, “It had thus become evident that Yohannes’ earlier hopes of containing the Italians within the coast were futile.” He further adds, “Protests from Ras Alula Aba-Nega, the governor of Mereb Melash, that the Italians should abandon their advance posts were ignored. Emperor Yohannes IV clearly understood the intent and in 1886 wrote a letter to Menilek where the letter said, “With the help of God, they will depart again, humiliated and disgraced in the eyes of the whole world.”Īs Harold Marcus, one of the leading authorities on Ethiopian history put it in his book “A History of Ethiopia”, when Emperor Yohannes wrote the letter, the Italians had already pushed further inland and occupied Saati, about 15 miles West of Massawa, and Wia, 20 miles to the South of the port. A few years before Eritrea was given away to Italians, the first settlers and the political milieu and military adventure that came with it gazed beyond what was later to be designated the Eritrean border-into the heartland. The repatriated Italians were second or third generation where the first settlers rendered Eritrea not only a colony per se but felt at home as they truly believed that it was their own and their own only. Well, as it turned out, there was a significant history related not to my childhood friend, his father or the Italian-boss but to that particular model-FIAT 500. Where am I going with the story, you might ask. The car however outlived our teenage years albeit it was a bit bungled up as years went by. When I was growing up in Asmara, the father of my childhood friend who was a plumber by trade owned FIAT 500 old model car As it happened, close to one hundred thousand Italians were repatriated mostly from Asmara back to Italy in 1974 when Dergue came to power, most of them left their properties behind and in most cases transferred ownership to Eritreans who had worked for them for years.Īnd the father of my childhood friend was lucky enough not only to inherit the car but landed ownership of a plumbing service or plant as well. ![]() ![]() ![]() It is an ornamental alternative for other types of fences and provide a multipurpose function in terms of cultivating cascading flowers and trailing vines. ![]() What are the advantages of lattice fences? Lattice fences are well loved primarily because of their decorative aesthetics. It is also commonly added as a decorative accent feature for landscapes or as a trellis for gardens where vines and other trailing plants may climb into as they grow. ![]() It may be used to enclose the full perimeter of a property, as garden walls, patio screens, veranda enclosure, archway, deck skirting or as a freestanding divider. What is a lattice fence? A lattice fence is a structure made up of wood, metal or other material which is composed of thin slats arranged in a criss cross or diamond pattern with spaces in between. (For more popular types & styles see our Fence Designs Ultimate Guide) But lattice fences are the perfect alternative as they offer attractive garden style confinement for your property. Some homeowners may not prefer picket fences because they do not offer much privacy due to their short height, while 6 foot tall privacy fences give a sense of too much confinement because they are too high and closed. Lattice fences offer the best of both worlds – functionality and aesthetics. Below we share a variety of types of lattice fences using materials such as wood, metal and vinyl. Looking for a way to enclose your yard but hate the restrictive feel of tall privacy enclosures? Do you want security within your property but feel that stockade style fences are too plain for your landscape? Then lattice fences may be the right fence style for you. A lattice fence can offer privacy, security and help your backyard look more inviting to family and friends. Here are our best lattice fence design ideas. ![]() ![]() ![]() And, as always, if you want to stay on top of our gift coverage, sign up for our newsletter. While we’ve updated this post for the last time, we also found (actually useful) e–gift cards and subscription boxes that keep on giving into 2023. However, we’re confident the items in the guides below will still make perfect presents even if they arrive after the big day. It’s now too late to meet almost all drop-dead shipping dates for delivery before December 25, so we suggest doing a final check of our list of holiday order-by deadlines - or prepare to go in store to pick up your gifts in time for wrapping. So whether you’re looking for something for your never-satisfied nephew, your world-traveling best friend (who’s also a hiker), your new co-worker, or your child’s kindergarten teacher, we’ve got you covered. 18, 2022.) Illustrations by Giacomo Gambineri. Its that time of year The Halloween decorations are down and planning for presents season is upon us. The result is this guide of 88 expert-backed options - many of which we’ve tested ourselves - and even some new items that are just too special to miss. Weve curated the best gifts to help you check everyone off your list. We’ve combed through our archives to come up with beloved products we’ve written about before, as well as going directly to the source and asking grandparents, teenage girls, and many more types of recipients for their recommendations. Before getting started, you can check out what we featured the past handful of years (wow has it really been that long) 2017. writing and thinking about presents, all year long. That’s because our team of obsessive shoppers has been doing the legwork, a.k.a. Gift-giving season is well under way, and here at the Strategist, we pride ourselves on having a spot-on holiday gift idea for every person on your list. ![]() ![]() The band released their second album Into Red on 1 March 2019. Īfter a one-year hiatus, the band returned in August 2018 with the release of a new single called "Business Man". He was replaced by English bassist Jay Clifton in March 2016. Commenting on his departure, Rundquist stated "he's still one of my best friends but he wants to do the normal things in life like buy a house, buy a car and have a family". The band's original bassist Alexander Blomfeldt left the band on the last day of recording in London, returning to Sweden. The album was preceded by 2 singles proper: "The Zoo" which was released in November 2015 and "100 Goosebumps" in March 2016, and "Drinking Games" in May 2016. On, the band released their debut studio album Means via PIAS. ![]() The band released their debut single Ill in June 2015 by means of UK label Speedy Wunderground, after English record producer Dan Carey got in touch with the band. ![]() The band submitted a demo of The Zoo to PIAS Recordings, and signed soon after. The duo enlisted bassist Alexander Blomfeldt and drummer Rasmus Andersson, who was previously a guitarist. Reportedly meeting via MySpace, Summer Heart appeared on Sameblod's album Braided Memos in 2012, and in 2014 remixed the song Loud by Sameblod, and the song Suddenly which was released on the band's Suddenly Remix EP. Both acts were signed to Swedish record label Sommarhjarta. Both had previously been involved in electronic/pop projects in Sweden, although Rundquist is originally from San Francisco - Lomelino working under the pseudonym Summer Heart, and Rundquist was a member of Sameblod with Mikael Mattisson. The band have released three albums, Means in 2016, Into Red in 2019 and GLASS CITY in 2023.įEWS were formed in 2014 by David Alexander Lomelino and Frederick Rundquist. ![]() Self described as post-punk, with motorik elements of krautrock and noise pop, the band blends this sound with elements of neo-psychedelia. They were based in London around the release of their debut album. Fews (stylised as FEWS) are an American-English-Swedish rock band, formed in 2014 in Malmö, Sweden. ![]() ![]() Balanced aluminum handle with Soft Touch knobs powerful 2.5:1 gear ratio. Built on a sturdy composite graphite frame with integrated fender and tangle-free spool cap, this reel features 4 stainless steel ball bearings, instant anti-reverse, easy-to-adjust graphite star drag, and of course, the FreeFall trigger and drop speed control. ![]() The Ghost Inline is effective at any depth from 5-50', and provides smooth performance with no line twist. A short video explaining the differences between the 13 Fishing Black Betty Free Fall Ghost and original Free Fall. FreeFall Ghost is the latest inline reel from 13 Fishing. ![]() If you want to slow the descent of your spoon or jig, no problem. Their design prevents line twists, presenting baits to fish. Inline ice fishing reels tend to be a little pricey but they really shine when catching smaller fish in ice. If a fish hits on the drop, then no problem. The 13 Fishing Black Betty FreeFall Ghost Stealth Edition Inline Ice Combo offers the mastery ice anglers want in a rod-and-reel in one package The Tickle Stick rods parallel composite construction allows for a flat tip design, which adds rigidity to the blank (stops rod rollover) and detects the. 13 Fishing Black Betty Freefall Ghost Inline Ice Fishing Reel 9 best ice fishing reels comparison. This revolutionary under-the-rod inline reel has a special trigger that disengages the spool when pulled, releasing line either in freefall or under selective tension, and reengages instantly when the trigger is released. With the 13 Fishing® FreeFall™ Ghost™ Inline Ice Fishing Reel, you'll have complete control of your line at all times. Advanced inline reel for ice fishing FreeFall trigger releases line when pulled Drop speed control adjusts fall rate Release the trigger to reengage for. 13 FISHING - FreeFall Carbon - Inline Ice Fishing Reel - 10th Anniversary Trick Shop Edition - 2.5:1 Gear Ratio - LH Retrieve - BBCFFWTS10A-2. ![]() This reel sits under the rod and features a revolutionary. This reel features a FreeFall drop lever, instant anti-reverse and drop speed control combined with a high strength composite frame and soft touch handle knobs.ĭrop your bait through the ice at any speed, to any depth, and still be able to set the hook instantly. The 13 Fishing Black Betty FreeFall Ghost Inline Ice Reel is the latest development in ice reels. Scheels Exclusive! The Free Fall Ghost reel is now available in Radioactive Pickle color. 13 Fishing FreeFall Ghost Inline isfiske snelle ![]() ![]() ![]() Hugo Cayuela, Quentin Rougemont, Martin Laporte, Claire Mérot, Eric Normandeau, Yann Dorant, Ole K. Our study also suggests that, both shared polymorphism among lineages, resulting from standing genetic variation or introgression, and chromosomal rearrangements may contribute to local adaptation in the presence of high gene flow.ĭOI: 10.1111/mec.15499 Publication webpage. Genotype‐environment associations revealed molecular signatures of local adaptation to environmental conditions prevailing at spawning sites. Within the NWA lineage, we detected a polymorphic chromosomal rearrangement leading to the occurrence of three haplogroups. Within each lineage, our analyses provided evidence for large N e and high gene flow among spawning sites. We reconstructed the history of divergence among three glacial lineages and showed that they likely diverged from 3.8 to 1.8 MyA and experienced secondary contacts. Then, we used a large dataset of genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (25,904 filtered SNPs) genotyped in 1,310 individuals collected from 31 spawning sites in the northwest Atlantic. We first assembled a 490 Mbp draft genome of M. In this study, we examined how demographic history, shared ancestral polymorphism, and gene flow among glacial lineages contribute to local adaptation to sea conditions in a marine fish, the capelin ( Mallotus villosus). However, our understanding of evolutionary mechanisms impending or favoring local adaptation in the presence of gene flow is still limited to a restricted number of study systems. Furthermore, structural variation as chromosomal rearrangements may facilitate adaptation despite high gene flow. Gene flow has tremendous importance on local adaptation, by influencing the fate of de novo mutations, maintaining standing genetic variation, and driving adaptive introgression. ![]() ![]() 3.11 "Squidward Tentacles," "Patrick Star," and "Eugene H.3.9 "What Ever Happened to SpongeBob?" version.3.8 The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie soundtrack version.3.7 The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie version.3.5 Employee of the Month/ Revenge of the Flying Dutchman/ Battle for Bikini Bottom version.3.3 "Texas"/"Walking Small" credits version. ![]() Smith (" The SpongeBob Musical: Live on Stage!") Tom Kenny) (voiced by Ethan Slater, Danny Skinner, Gavin Lee, Carlos Lopez, Nick Blaemire, Stephanie Hsu, Lilli Cooper, Emmy Raver-Lampman and Abby C. Puff (" The SpongeBob Musical: Live on Stage!") Patchy the Pirate Plankton, Karen Plankton, Sandy Cheeks, Pearl Krabs and Mrs. SpongeBob SquarePants, Patrick Star, Squidward Tentacles, Eugene H. (voiced by Jeremy Birchall, Dwayne Condon, Craig Copeland, Randy Crenshaw, Kevin Dorsey, Michael Geiger, Nick Jameson, Bob Joyce, Norman Large, Rick Logan and Gary Stockdale with The London Metropolitan Orchestra) The Pirates ( The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie) Gary the Snail (brand new June 2011 premieres version) ![]() (voiced by Hank Adams, Sandra Beckwith, Crispin Barrymore, and Susan Kohler) (voiced by Devin Johnson, Sara Paxton, and Camryn Walling / Harrison Fahn, Elan Garfias, and Caryn Johnson) (voiced by Patrick Pinney in all episodes except for " Truth or Square " Battle for Bikini Bottom: Rehydrated, and the Rap Battle / Cee-Lo Green in the stop-motion intro for "Truth or Square" / Bob Joles in "Truth or Square" the "rejected" theme songs) ![]() |
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